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The views and opinions of the document authors do not necessarily reflect or state those of the Providence Health System. Further, this resource refers to common and standard medical information and appears on our web site for public, non-denominational purposes only. Providence Health System, as a ministry of the Roman Catholic Church, does not recommend, endorse, or promote those medical procedures and interventions that are discussed on this site but which are prohibited by the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services.

This information is designed for educational purposes only and is not provided as a professional service or as medical advice for specific patients. It is not a substitute for professional medical care and if you have, or suspect you may have, a health problem, you should consult your health care provider. The information on this Web site has not been reviewed or approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.