S

seizure - an uncontrolled discharge of nerve cells, which may spread to other cells throughout the brain. The sudden attack may be accompanied by loss of bowel and bladder control, loss of awareness, and abnormal movements.  

shunt, CSF - a procedure for draining excessive fluid from the brain. A surgically placed tube that drains spinal fluid from the brain ventricles to the abdominal cavity, heart, or large veins of the neck.

specialty services - these are rehabilitation services or programs developed for patients having special needs such as programs for those patients who are respirator dependent, visually-impaired, or those requiring substance abuse treatment services.

spontaneous recovery - recovery that occurs as damaged tissue heals.

T

transitional living - training for living in a setting of greater independence; typical lengths of stay vary with an individual’s ability to acquire community reentry skills.

U

unilateral neglect - impaired attention to one side of the body. this usually occurs on the side opposite the area of the brain injury and usually in association with right parietal lobe brain injuries.

V

vegetative state - a state of survival after brain injury in which consciousness is altered to the degree that apparent wakefulness is regained but without conscious purposeful mental function. the patient is wakeful but is unaware and unresponsive to his or her surroundings. (See also persistent vegetative state.)  

visual field deficit -inability to see objects in a specific region of view ordinarily perceived by both eyes.

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